对 URL 与 URI 组件进行编码和解码
对整个 URL 编码,保留 :、/、?、# 等特殊字符
https://example.com/path with spaces除 A-Z a-z 0-9 - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) 外,其余字符都会被编码
name=John Doe&email=test@example.comhttps://example.com/search?q=hello world&lang=enhttps://example.com/search?q=hello%20world&lang=en